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</script>The CPC in Pakistan is primarily based on the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, which was enacted during British colonial rule. However, several amendments have been made to the code over the years to reflect the changing needs and requirements of the Pakistani legal system.
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The CPC is divided into several parts, each dealing with different aspects of civil litigation. Some of the key provisions and orders under the CPC include:
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1. Institution of suits: Order I of the CPC deals with the institution of suits. It lays down the rules regarding who can file a suit, where it should be filed, and what information should be included in the plaint (the document that initiates a civil case).
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2. Service of summons: Order V of the CPC governs the service of summons. It outlines the procedure for serving summons to defendants, including personal service, substituted service, and service by publication.
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</script>3. Pleadings: Order VI and VII of the CPC deal with pleadings. Pleadings are formal written statements filed by each party to a case, setting out their respective claims and defenses. These orders specify what should be included in pleadings and how they should be drafted.
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</script>4. Discovery and inspection: Order XI of the CPC provides for discovery and inspection. It allows parties to a case to obtain relevant documents from each other and inspect them before trial.
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5. Production, impounding, and return of documents: Order XIII of the CPC deals with the production, impounding, and return of documents. It sets out rules regarding how documents should be produced in court, how they can be impounded as evidence, and how they should be returned to the parties after the case is concluded.
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</script>6. Examination of witnesses: Order XVIII of the CPC governs the examination of witnesses. It outlines the procedure for examining witnesses in court, including direct examination, cross-examination, and re-examination.
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</script>7. Judgment and decree: Order XX of the CPC deals with judgment and decree. It sets out the process for delivering judgments in civil cases and the contents of a decree, which is the formal expression of the court's decision.
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8. Appeals: Order XLI of the CPC provides for appeals. It lays down the procedure for filing appeals against judgments and decrees passed by lower courts.
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9. Execution of decrees: Order XXI of the CPC governs the execution of decrees. It specifies how decrees can be enforced, including through attachment and sale of property, arrest and detention, and other means.
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</script>10. Miscellaneous provisions: The CPC also contains several miscellaneous provisions that deal with matters such as costs, review, reference to arbitration, and inherent powers of the court.
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It is important to note that while this response provides a general overview of the rules and orders under the CPC in Pakistan, it is always advisable to consult the actual text of the code or seek legal advice for specific cases or queries.
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