The law of evidence in Pakistan is primarily governed by the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 (Law of Evidence Order, 1984). This legislation provides the framework for the admissibility, relevancy, and weight of evidence in Pakistani courts. The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 is based on Islamic principles of justice and fairness, as well as common law principles inherited from British colonial rule.
<script type="text/javascript">
atOptions = {
'key' : '27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f',
'format' : 'iframe',
'height' : 90,
'width' : 728,
'params' : {}
};
document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="http' + (location.protocol === 'https:' ? 's' : '') + '://www.profitabledisplaynetwork.com/27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f/invoke.js"></scr' + 'ipt>');
</script>
Under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984, evidence can be presented in various forms, including oral testimony, documentary evidence, expert opinions, and circumstantial evidence. The order sets out rules regarding the burden of proof, the competency and compellability of witnesses, the examination and cross-examination of witnesses, and the admissibility of different types of evidence.
<script type="text/javascript">
atOptions = {
'key' : '27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f',
'format' : 'iframe',
'height' : 90,
'width' : 728,
'params' : {}
};
document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="http' + (location.protocol === 'https:' ? 's' : '') + '://www.profitabledisplaynetwork.com/27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f/invoke.js"></scr' + 'ipt>');
</script>
One important principle in the law of evidence in Pakistan is that all relevant evidence is admissible unless expressly prohibited by law. Relevant evidence is defined as any evidence that tends to prove or disprove a fact in issue or that provides a basis for a reasonable inference regarding a fact in issue. However, certain types of evidence are considered privileged and are protected from disclosure. For example, communications between spouses during marriage are generally privileged and cannot be used as evidence against either spouse.
<script type="text/javascript">
atOptions = {
'key' : '27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f',
'format' : 'iframe',
'height' : 90,
'width' : 728,
'params' : {}
};
document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="http' + (location.protocol === 'https:' ? 's' : '') + '://www.profitabledisplaynetwork.com/27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f/invoke.js"></scr' + 'ipt>');
</script>
Another key principle in the law of evidence in Pakistan is that witnesses must be competent and compellable. Competency refers to a person's legal capacity to give evidence, while compellability refers to whether a person can be compelled to give evidence. Generally, all persons are competent to give evidence unless they are disqualified due to mental incapacity or other legal disabilities. However, even if a person is competent to give evidence, they may not be compellable if they fall within certain categories of privilege or protection.
<script type="text/javascript">
atOptions = {
'key' : '27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f',
'format' : 'iframe',
'height' : 90,
'width' : 728,
'params' : {}
};
document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="http' + (location.protocol === 'https:' ? 's' : '') + '://www.profitabledisplaynetwork.com/27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f/invoke.js"></scr' + 'ipt>');
</script>The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 also sets out rules regarding the examination and cross-examination of witnesses. Witnesses are generally examined-in-chief by the party calling them, followed by cross-examination by the opposing party, and then re-examination by the party calling them. The purpose of cross-examination is to test the credibility and reliability of the witness's evidence and to elicit any inconsistencies or contradictions.
<script type="text/javascript">
atOptions = {
'key' : '27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f',
'format' : 'iframe',
'height' : 90,
'width' : 728,
'params' : {}
};
document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="http' + (location.protocol === 'https:' ? 's' : '') + '://www.profitabledisplaynetwork.com/27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f/invoke.js"></scr' + 'ipt>');
</script>
In terms of documentary evidence, the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 provides that documents can be proved by primary or secondary evidence. Primary evidence refers to the original document itself, while secondary evidence includes copies or duplicates of the original document. However, secondary evidence is only admissible if the original document is unavailable for some valid reason.
<script type="text/javascript">
atOptions = {
'key' : '27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f',
'format' : 'iframe',
'height' : 90,
'width' : 728,
'params' : {}
};
document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="http' + (location.protocol === 'https:' ? 's' : '') + '://www.profitabledisplaynetwork.com/27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f/invoke.js"></scr' + 'ipt>');
</script>
Expert opinions are also admissible as evidence in Pakistani courts. An expert witness is a person who possesses specialized knowledge, skill, or experience in a particular field relevant to the case. The expert witness can provide an opinion on matters within their expertise and assist the court in understanding complex technical or scientific issues.
<script type="text/javascript">
atOptions = {
'key' : '27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f',
'format' : 'iframe',
'height' : 90,
'width' : 728,
'params' : {}
};
document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="http' + (location.protocol === 'https:' ? 's' : '') + '://www.profitabledisplaynetwork.com/27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f/invoke.js"></scr' + 'ipt>');
</script>
It is important to note that the law of evidence in Pakistan is subject to interpretation and application by the courts. Judicial precedents play a significant role in shaping and clarifying the rules of evidence. Additionally, other legislation may also impact the law of evidence in specific areas, such as criminal procedure codes or specialized laws governing certain types of cases.
<script type="text/javascript">
atOptions = {
'key' : '27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f',
'format' : 'iframe',
'height' : 90,
'width' : 728,
'params' : {}
};
document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="http' + (location.protocol === 'https:' ? 's' : '') + '://www.profitabledisplaynetwork.com/27444b4d291040302da9ccc37738978f/invoke.js"></scr' + 'ipt>');
</script>
In conclusion, the law of evidence in Pakistan is primarily governed by the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984. This legislation sets out rules regarding the admissibility, relevancy, and weight of evidence in Pakistani courts. The order incorporates principles of justice and fairness derived from Islamic law and common law principles inherited from British colonial rule.
No comments:
Post a Comment