Law of inheritance in Pakistan

 

The law of inheritance in Pakistan is primarily governed by Islamic principles, as the majority of the population in Pakistan follows the Islamic faith. The inheritance laws in Pakistan are derived from the Quran, Hadith (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad), and various interpretations by Islamic scholars.

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In Islamic law, inheritance is considered a fundamental right of individuals, and it aims to distribute the deceased person's property among their heirs in a fair and just manner. The rules of inheritance in Pakistan are based on the concept of Shariah, which provides guidelines on how to distribute assets after a person's death.

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Under Islamic law, there are two types of heirs: Sharers (Asaba) and Residuaries (Dhawu al-Furud). Sharers are entitled to receive a fixed portion of the deceased person's estate, while Residuaries receive the remaining portion after the sharers have received their shares.

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The sharers include:

1. Parents: Both the mother and father are entitled to inherit from their child's estate if they are alive at the time of their child's death. If only one parent is alive, they will inherit half of the estate.

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2. Spouse: The surviving spouse is entitled to inherit from their deceased spouse's estate. The share depends on whether there are children or parents of the deceased. If there are children, the spouse's share is 1/4th of the estate. If there are no children but parents are alive, the spouse's share is 1/2nd of the estate. If there are no children or parents, the spouse's share increases to 100% of the estate.

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3. Children: Children, both male and female, have a right to inherit from their parents' estate. Sons generally receive double the share of daughters. If there is only one daughter, she receives half of the estate, and if there are multiple daughters, they collectively receive 2/3rd of the estate. Sons receive the remaining portion after the daughters' shares have been distributed.

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4. Grandchildren: If a deceased person's child has predeceased them, leaving behind children (grandchildren of the deceased), those grandchildren are entitled to inherit from their grandparent's estate. The share is determined based on the number of grandchildren and their relationship to the deceased.

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5. Siblings: If there are no parents, spouse, children, or grandchildren, the siblings of the deceased become entitled to inherit from their estate. Brothers receive double the share of sisters.

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6. Other relatives: In the absence of any closer heirs, more distant relatives may be entitled to inherit from the deceased person's estate. The specific rules for these cases can vary depending on the circumstances and interpretations of Islamic scholars.

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In Pakistan, the law of inheritance is primarily governed by personal laws based on religion. However, there are also civil laws that govern inheritance matters for non-Muslims in Pakistan. These laws differ from Islamic inheritance laws and are applicable to individuals belonging to other religious communities such as Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, etc.

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